ISL201 Islamic Studies assignment no 02 Discussion and solution-Spring 2014

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ISL201 Islamic Studies assignment no 02 Discussion and solution-Spring 2014

Q1: Why Muslim scientists give much attention to medicine and public health care? 5 Marks

Q2: How did the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) treat Abu Sufyan at the victory of Makkah? 5 Marks

Q3: One Muslim has right over his Muslim brother. Describe five rights of one Muslim over another in the light of Hadith. 5 Marks

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Question no 1 Answer :


In Islam, the human body is a source of appreciation, as it is created by Almighty Allah (God). How it functions, how to keep it clean and safe, how to prevent diseases from attacking it or cure those diseases, have been important issues for Muslims.
Ibn Sina (d. 1037), better known to the West as Avicenna, was perhaps the greatest physician until the modern era. His famous book, Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb, remained a standard textbook even in Europe, for over 700 years. Ibn Sina's work is still studied and built upon in the East.
Prophet Muhammad himself urged people to "take medicines for your diseases", as people at that time were reluctant to do so. He also said,
"God created no illness, except that He has established for it a cure, except for old age. When the antidote is applied, the patient will recover with the permission of God."

This was strong motivation to encourage Muslim scientists to explore, develop, and apply empirical laws. Much attention was given to medicine and public health care. The first hospital was built in Baghdad in 706 AC. The Muslims also used camel caravans as mobile hospitals, which moved from place to place.
Since the religion did not forbid it, Muslim scholars used human cadavers to study anatomy and physiology and to help their students understand how the body functions. This empirical study enabled surgery to develop very quickly.

Al-Razi, known in the West as Rhazes, the famous physician and scientist, (d. 932) was one of the greatest physicians in the world in the Middle Ages. He stressed empirical observation and clinical medicine and was unrivalled as a diagnostician. He also wrote a treatise on hygiene in hospitals. Kahaf Abul-Qasim Al-Sahabi was a very famous surgeon in the eleventh century, known in Europe for his work, Concessio (Kitab al-Tasrif).

Other significant contributions were made in pharmacology, such as Ibn Sina's Kitab al-Shifa' (Book of Healing), and in public health. Every major city in the Islamic world had a number of excellent hospitals, some of them teaching hospitals, and many of them were specialized for particular diseases, including mental and emotional. The Ottomans were particularly noted for their building of hospitals and for the high level of hygiene practiced in them





Question No 2 :


Abu Sufyaan Bin Harab had been acting as the ring leader of prophet’s enemies. In the holy battle of Uhad it was who led the enemy forces as their Chief. He had prepared all kinds of plots to root out Islam and its followers. In the holy battle of Khandaq (Trenches), he had organized the enemy coalition front against the prophet.

He brought four thousand strong fighting forces from Mecca. From the other end of Medinah he invited the coalition of Arab tribes under the leadership of Oainah Bin Hafs Fuzari to launch attack with a force of another four thousand soldiers. From the third side six thousand armed fighters laid the siege. The joint operation was conceived and supervised by Abu Sufyaan himself. In addition, he instigated shrewdly Banu Quraizah who despite their smaller numbers as compared to Muslims were strategically located at the far end of Medinah, to attack the Muslim forces from their back contravening their earlier peace treaty with Medinites. Then Allah Almighty sent thunder storm causing the enemy to get scattered and retreat in defeat. On the occasion of Victory of Mecca the same ring leader of the enemy, one day prior to fall of Mecca, came in disguise to the Muslim camp in the place called Mur-Al-Zahran to spy and assess the Muslim military might. The spy was caught red handed and brought in front of the prophet. Many of the companions of the prophet submitted to him the plea to allow them to execute the prisoner who was no less important a person than the chief of enemy Army himself. But lo! The next day Abu Sufyaan came to prophet and embraced Islam voluntarily. The respect shown to him and the honorable deal he got was indeed amazing and beyond comprehension of an ordinary mortal. A declaration was publicly announced, “Whoever enters the grand mosque of Mecca (Masjid-e-Haram) shall be spared, whoever enters the house of Abu Sufyaan shall be spared and whoever shuts his door too shall be spared.” The declaration decreeing the house of Abu Sufyann to be treated at par with grand mosque of Mecca in respect of refuge bestowed upon him such an honor that surpassed any other award that a man could aspire to achieve at that time.